The discussion is no longer whether we should use artificial intelligence. The question is how we will use it. Societies that invest in AI literacy will reap significant benefits.

Artificial intelligence has changed, is changing, and will continue to change our lives. The role of AI is rapidly expanding into everyone’s daily life, regardless of their field or profession. The development of models like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot has enabled a large part of society to interact with AI daily. In February of this year, OpenAI reported that ChatGPT has nearly 1 billion weekly users. This marks an increase from 700 million users in September 2025, and more than double compared to February of last year, when there were around 400 million users.

Given this rapid growth in AI usage for writing, analyzing, learning, or decision-making, countries around the world have already begun implementing various AI literacy programs. Countries like Finland and the United States have launched national initiatives. Finland has introduced AI literacy from preschool through university programs, as well as courses offered by technology companies. The European Union has incorporated AI literacy into its digital strategies and within the framework of the AI Act, emphasizing the importance of safe and ethical use of this technology. Kosovo must follow this trend. Kosovo should also follow this trend, and it is imperative that Kosovar society also have education on artificial intelligence, about the role, possibilities, and ethical implications of AI. AI literacy includes four key components: understanding what artificial intelligence is; how to use it responsibly; what the potential risks are; and what skills are needed to work with AI.

Developing these competencies enables more effective interaction with AI technologies, more responsible use, greater awareness of ethical issues, and a clearer understanding of AI’s role in society. An informed user will know, for example, which AI models or tools to use depending on the need, whether for creativity, analysis, or research based on reliable sources, and at the same time will be more critical of the results they receive. For instance, ChatGPT may be used for more creative text generation, but if one seeks results supported by more reliable sources, Copilot or Perplexity may be better alternatives. On the other hand, a lack of education in this field increases the risk that society will use AI without understanding its limitations, without acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills. This includes the risk of accepting inaccurate information, being influenced by data biases, and exposure to disinformation generated by technologies such as deepfakes. Understanding these limitations is just as important as using the technology itself.

Expanding AI Literacy through formal and informal learning

While other countries prioritize developing citizens’ competencies in AI, Kosovo has struggled to expand media literacy across society. It remains either a non-mandatory subject or entirely absent in most schools. Meanwhile, in 2029, the PISA test will include assessment in media and AI literacy. Therefore, AI literacy in Kosovo is not a luxury but an urgency.

Kosovo’s institutions, in collaboration with other societal actors, must work to expand AI literacy through two parallel pathways: formal and informal education. Integrating AI literacy into school curricula is a key step for long-term impact. Students should, from an early age, understand not only what AI is, but also how it affects society and what responsibilities come with its use.

This integration can be done across different subjects and gradually, starting with basic concepts and advancing toward more specialized skills such as programming, data analysis, and the development of AI-based applications. To achieve this, it is necessary to adapt existing curricula, train teachers, and invest in digital infrastructure in schools. Undoubtedly, the rapid pace of technological development is a serious challenge that requires continuous updating of knowledge. For this reason, AI literacy must be flexible and dynamic. Educational institutions, particularly the Ministry of Education, must take a leading role in this process.

At the same time, alongside expanding AI literacy in schools, it is equally important to invest in non-formal education to achieve faster impact across society. This requires the engagement of other societal actors, such as civil society organizations and community initiatives, to organize various activities for different groups, such as seminars, training sessions, online modules, or self-paced courses, depending on the target audience. These awareness-raising and educational activities help society not only understand artificial intelligence better but also become more capable of benefiting from the opportunities it offers. They also support the development of concrete solutions using AI tools tailored to local needs.

Rejecting this technology is not a solution. The biggest mistake is not using AI, but it is using it without understanding it. Responsible and ethical use of AI should be the standard, not the exception. At the AI Impact Summit held last month in New Delhi, it was emphasized that the benefits of artificial intelligence should be shared with all humanity. Societies that invest in AI education will therefore gain diverse advantages. However, if a society uses artificial intelligence without understanding it, it risks being manipulated by it rather than benefiting from it.